What network topology consists of cabling segments from each computer connecting to a centralized component?

In a network topology where each computer connects to a centralized component using individual cabling segments, the correct configuration is the star topology. This design features a central hub or switch that acts as the main point of communication for all connected devices. Each computer, or node, has its own dedicated link to the central component, which facilitates the management of data traffic efficiently.

One of the key advantages of a star topology is its scalability; you can easily add more devices to the network without disrupting the existing connections. Additionally, if one connection fails, it does not affect the other connections, making the topology generally more resilient compared to other configurations.

In contrast, bus topology connects all computers to a single communication line, leading to potential data traffic issues and difficulties in maintaining the network. The term "scale" does not represent a recognized network topology, and a dual ring topology involves multiple connections that form a circular pathway, which is fundamentally different from the star network's structure.